Bacteria vs Prion vs Virus

Bacteria: One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being archaea.
Bacteria are microscopic organisms whose single cells have neither a membrane-enclosed nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria.They do not go through meiosis/mitosis for reproduction.The Gram Positive plasma membrane and both membranes in Gram negative bacteria are phospholipid bilayers but contain no cholesterol. 

Prion: A infectious form of protein that may increase in number by converting related proteins to more prions.
When a prion enters a healthy organism, it controls proteins to convert into the disease-associated, prion form. Then the prion acts as a template to guide the misfolding of more protein into prion form. These newly formed prions can then go on to convert more proteins themselves, this triggers a chain reaction that produces large amounts of the prion form.

Virus: A small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms.
 Virus particles are made of genetic material composed of  DNA or RNA, a protein coat that protects these genes, and in some cases an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell.

Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial Transformation is the alteration of a bacterial cell's genotype by the uptake of naked foreign DNA from the surrounding environment.
Researchers found that many bacterial species have proteins that on the surface of the protein they are specialized to uptake naked DNA from the surrounding solution. These proteins specifically recognize and transport only DNA from closely related species of bacteria.

compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis: The conversion of light and energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds. It occurs in plants,algae, and certain prokaryotes.
Cellular Respiration: The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
What are the similarities?: They both take place within an organelle. They both involve electron transport chains. They also utilize ATP for energy. Most importantly they provide power for cellular activity.

Differences?: In cellular respiration it depends on oxygen as a substrate. In Photosynthesis it uses 2 electron transport chains. In Photo, energy is provided by photons whereas in cellular respiration the energy is provided by a catabolic process. Photosynthesis produces NADPH and Cellular respiration involves NADH and FADH2.

What I Learned About Macromolecules

Most macromolecules are polymers which is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds. The building blocks of a polymer are smaller and they are known as monomers. The nature of their monomers determine the class of the polymeric macromolecules. Although, the chemical mechanisms that are used to break down polymers are the same. In hydrolysis polymers are disassembled to monomers. Hydrolysis is the reverse reaction of the dehydration reaction. The bonds between monomers are broken apart by water.

images:
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ProteinStructure.jpg
-http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.yellowtang.org/images/macromolecules1_tb_784.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.yellowtang.org/chemistry.php&h=483&w=732&sz=48&tbnid=CraIZjpGLwGWlM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=110&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmacromolecules%2Bchart%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=macromolecules+chart&docid=ePTm5s5q2S2IVM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wKuqTr-GPJOPigKWzeWKCw&ved=0CD0Q9QEwAw&dur=185

C3, C4, CAM plants

C3: In most plants, the first organic product of carbon fixation is a three carbon compound, 3 phosphoglycerate.
Examples of a C3 plant are rice, wheat and soy beans. These plants are important to agriculture. These plants produce less food when their stomatas close due to weather change. The calvin CYcle can no longer function with the declining of the CO2 in the leaves. Instead a process known as photorespiration takes place where oxygen is consumed. No ATP is generated.

C4: They preface the calvin cycle with a different mode of carbon fixation that forms a four carbon compound as its first product. Important members of the C4 plants that are used a lot in agriculture is sugarcane and corn. In C4 plants the two distinct types of photosynthetic cells are bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells. Their adaptation helps them in hot weather.


CAM : (CAM= Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)Cati and pineapples for example are all water storing plants that open up their stomata  during the night and close them during the day . When they close their stomata during the day it prevents carbon dioxide from entering their leaves. The mesophyll cells store the organic acids they make during the night in their vacuoles until the morning.

images:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calvin-cycle4.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photorespiration_eng.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C4_photosynthesis_NADP-ME_type.svg

source: " Biology: Sixth Edition" Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece

BioChem Unit Wordle

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The cell is fundamental to biology. It is the key component to life. The cell is a living unit 

greater than the sum of its parts. Animal cells and Plant cells are very similar, plant cells 

dont not contain lysosomes,centrioles, and flagella whereas in a animal cell it does not contain chloroplasts, 

central vacuole and tonoplast, a cell wall, and plasmodesmata.The mitochondria and chloroplasts are the main 

energy transformers of energy in a cell. Cells recycle the ATP they use for work. ATP transfers phosphate groups to

various substrates, getting them ready to do work. Eletrons fall from organic molecules to oxygen during cellular respiration.

Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate. Whereas in a Krebs Cycle the energy yielding

oxidation of organic molecules is completed.

source: "Biology: Sixth Edition" Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece

Ecology Unit Wordle

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In the Ecology Unit living organisms are tested upon their survival in their own environment. Ecosystems are made up of many species that create 

different populations. There are different biomes that species are found in. Where the species live is where they are able to attain most resources in 

a attempt to be most dominant species to survive and reproduce. In order to survive species must live in a environment where resources are plentiful and predation is low.